Legal Dictionary

Plain explanations of legal terms students commonly find confusing.

Back to library

Ex Parte

A legal proceeding brought by one side without notifying the other side in urgent situations.

Exhibit

A document or object formally produced in court as evidence.

Extradition

The formal transfer of a person from one state to another for prosecution or punishment.

Felony

A serious criminal offence punishable by severe penalties under law.

Force Majeure

An extraordinary event beyond parties’ control that may excuse contractual performance.

Foreclosure

A legal process allowing a lender to recover debt through sale of secured property.

Fraud

Intentional deception for unlawful gain or to cause legal injury to another.

Garnishee Order

A court order directing a third party to pay money owed to a judgment debtor.

Gazette Notice

An official government publication used to announce legal notices, appointments, or regulations.

Habeas Corpus

A legal remedy requiring a detained person to be brought before court to test legality of detention.

Hearsay

An out-of-court statement offered to prove the truth of its contents, usually restricted.

Holding

The court’s legal determination on the issues necessary to decide a case.

Indemnity

A promise to compensate another for loss or damage.

Information

A formal criminal charge document, often used in serious offences.

Injunction

A court order requiring a party to do or stop doing a specific act.

Interlocutory

Temporary or intermediate orders made before final determination of a case.

Intestate

Dying without leaving a valid will.

Judgment Creditor

A party in whose favor a court judgment requiring payment has been entered.

Judgment Debtor

A party ordered by judgment to pay money or satisfy an obligation.

Judicial Notice

Recognition by a court of facts accepted as true without formal proof.

Judicial Review

Court supervision of public authority decisions for legality, fairness, and reasonableness.

Jurisdiction

The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case.

Jurisprudence

The theory and philosophy of law and legal reasoning.

Lease

A contract granting possession and use of property for rent and a fixed period.