Legal Dictionary

Plain explanations of legal terms students commonly find confusing.

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Preliminary Objection

An early legal objection that may dispose of a case without full evidence.

Prima Facie

Evidence that is sufficient on first appearance unless disproved.

Privilege

A rule protecting certain communications from compulsory disclosure in legal proceedings.

Probate

The legal process of proving a will and administering a deceased person’s estate.

Procedural Fairness

The duty to follow fair process when making decisions affecting rights or interests.

Prohibition

A judicial review order stopping a tribunal or authority from acting unlawfully.

Promissory Estoppel

A doctrine preventing withdrawal of a promise relied upon where it would be unfair.

Proof of Service

Evidence showing legal documents were properly delivered to the required party.

Prosecutor

A legal officer who conducts criminal cases on behalf of the state.

Quantum

The assessed amount, especially of damages or compensation.

Quasi-Judicial

Decision-making by bodies that are not courts but act similarly in applying legal standards.

Remand

Custody of an accused person pending further court proceedings.

Remedy

A legal means of enforcing rights or compensating for a violation.

Res Judicata

A principle that a matter already finally decided by a competent court cannot be litigated again.

Respondent

The party who answers a petition, appeal, or application.

Restitution

A remedy requiring return of benefits unjustly received or wrongfully taken.

Review

Reconsideration by a court of its own decision based on defined legal grounds.

Riparian Rights

Legal rights of landowners whose property borders a river, lake, or watercourse.

Search Warrant

A court-issued authority allowing officers to search premises for evidence.

Service

Formal delivery of court documents to the parties involved in proceedings.

Specific Performance

A remedy compelling a party to perform contractual obligations rather than pay damages.

Stare Decisis

The doctrine that courts should follow binding precedents in similar cases.

Statute

A written law enacted by a legislative body.

Statute-Barred

A claim that can no longer be pursued because the limitation period has expired.