Legal Dictionary

Plain explanations of legal terms students commonly find confusing.

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Adjournment

A temporary suspension of court proceedings to a later date.

Admissibility

The legal acceptability of evidence in court under procedural and evidentiary rules.

Affidavit

A written statement confirmed by oath, used as evidence in court.

Alternative Dispute Resolution

Methods such as mediation and arbitration used to resolve disputes outside court.

Amicus Curiae

A person or organization that assists the court with information on issues in a case.

Anticipatory Bail

A court order protecting a person from arrest pending investigation or charge.

Appeal

A request to a higher court to review and change a lower court decision.

Appellant

The party who files an appeal against a decision.

Arbitration

A private dispute resolution process where an arbitrator gives a binding decision.

Arraignment

The stage where an accused person is formally informed of charges and enters a plea.

Bail

Money or conditions set by the court to secure release while awaiting trial.

Balance of Probabilities

The civil standard of proof showing something is more likely than not.

Bench Warrant

A warrant issued by a court, often for failing to attend court when required.

Beyond Reasonable Doubt

The criminal standard of proof requiring very high certainty before conviction.

Bill of Costs

A detailed statement of legal fees and expenses claimed by a party.

Burden of Proof

The duty to prove a fact in dispute; usually on the party making the claim.

Cause of Action

The legal basis that gives someone the right to sue.

Caution

A formal warning by police informing a suspect of rights before questioning.

Caveat

A formal notice to prevent a legal step from happening without notifying the person who filed it.

Certiorari

A judicial review order used to quash an unlawful decision by a public body.

Charge

A formal criminal accusation or a security interest over property for a debt.

Charge Sheet

A document setting out criminal charges against an accused person.

Civil Procedure

Rules governing how civil cases are filed, managed, and decided in court.

Codicil

A document that amends or supplements an existing will.